What are Hormones?

Of all the components of the human body, hormones play one of the most essential roles. Almost every multicellular organism produces hormones in order to help regulate the processes necessary for proper cellular function. As part of the endocrine system, they are responsible for supervising various cells and body parts in directing them on what to do, when to do it, and for how long. Hormones are pivotal to our health and wellness.

So what is a hormone, exactly? Hormones are chemical messengers produced directly into the bloodstream, which transports them to different cells, known as target cells, to deliver instructions on how to function. Hormones control muscle growth, metabolism, cognitive function and mood, and a plethora of other bodily systems. Hormones are produced in very small amounts, but even the slightest change in hormone levels can have a large impact on the body.

In humans, a number of endocrine glands produce hormones and deliver them directly into the bloodstream. Some of the major glands within the human body include the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, and the adrenal glands. These glands generate over 20 major hormones, each designed to control different activities in the body.

A surplus or deficiency in hormone secretion can cause major changes in the body, and in some cases can even lead to disease. Hormone disorders are typically discovered through urine, saliva, or blood tests performed to reveal any abnormalities. Diabetes, for example, is caused by a defect in the production of insulin. Any hormonal imbalance can lead to a variety of unwanted symptoms such as weight gain or extreme fatigue. Hormone disorders, however, can be treated. In an instance of overproduction of a hormone, medication can be used to reduce the unfavorable effects, and in the case of a hormone deficit, synthetic hormone replacement therapy can be used.